GENEVA: The United Nations warned Wednesday of a growing likelihood the weather phenomenon El Niño will develop in coming months, fueling higher global temperatures and possibly new heat records.

The UN’s World Meteorological Organization said it now estimated there was a 60-percent chance that El Niño would develop by the end of July, and an 80-percent chance it would do so by the end of September.

El Niño, which is a naturally occurring climate pattern typically associated with increased heat worldwide, as well as drought in some parts of the world and heavy rains elsewhere, last occurred in 2018-19.

Since 2020 though, the world has been hit with an exceptionally long La Niña — El Niño’s cooling opposite — which ended earlier this year, ceding way to the current neutral conditions.

And yet, the UN has said the last eight years were the warmest ever recorded, despite La Niña’s cooling effect stretching over nearly half that period.

Without that weather phenomenon, the warming situation could have been even worse.

La Niña “acted as a temporary brake on global temperature increase”, WMO chief Petteri Taalas said in a statement.

“The development of an El Niño will most likely lead to a new spike in global heating and increase the chance of breaking temperature records,” he warned.

‘More extreme weather’

At this stage, there is no indication of the strength or duration of the looming El Niño.

The last one was considered weak, but the one before that, between 2014 and 2016, was considered strong, with dire consequences.

WMO pointed out that 2016 was “the warmest year on record because of the ‘double whammy’ of a very powerful El Niño event and human-induced warming from greenhouse gases.”

Since the El Niño effect on global temperatures usually plays out the year after it emerges, the impact will likely be most apparent in 2024, it said.

“The world should prepare for the development of El Niño,” Taalas said.

This “might bring respite from the drought in the Horn of Africa and other La Niña-related impacts, but could also trigger more extreme weather and climate events” he said, stressing the need for effective early warning systems “to keep people safe.”

No two El Niño events are the same and that their effects depend in part on the time of year, WMO said, adding that it and national meteorological services would be closely monitoring developments.

The climate pattern occurs on average every two to seven years, and usually lasts nine to 12 months.

It is typically associated with warming ocean surface temperatures in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean.

Increased rainfall is usually seen in parts of southern South America, the southern United States, the Horn of Africa and central Asia, while severe droughts can occur over Australia, Indonesia and parts of southern Asia.

During summer in the northern hemisphere, El Niño’s warm water can also fuel hurricanes in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean, while hindering hurricane formations in the Atlantic Basin, WMO said.